In the 1980s, Poland was a country with extremely high prevalence of smoking and lung cancer mortality among men. The comprehensive tobacco control law and programs initiated in the 1990s contributed to a spectacular decrease of smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable mortality in Poland. Since the beginning of 1990, domestic cigarette sales decreased from 100 to 45 billion of cigarettes. Between 1982 and 2015, prevalence of adult smoking declined in men from 65% to 28% and from 32% to 18% in women. The fall in smoking of manufactured cigarettes is also observed in youth population. The new challenges concern the rapid increase in smoking of hand-rolled cigarettes and in using of e-cigarettes, large discrepancies in smoking rates in educational and economic groups, rising proportion of heavy smokers and big percentage of women smoking menthol and slim cigarettes. The current tobacco control law proposal is aimed to stop these trends.