Introduction:
Perform a review of the scientific literature and inform the medical society of the oral health risks that can arise from using of e-cigarettes.

Methods:
For the study, the available literature was reviewed in the PubMed database, without setting a time limit for existing articles, in the English language, using the keywords: tobacco, e-cigarettes, vape, periodontal disease, oral cancer, inflammation, oral diseases, periodontitis, smoking, oral health, nicotine, smoking cessation. The following websites were also navigated: World Dental Federation (FDI), the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and Tobacco-Induced Diseases (TID). Of the 60 relevant publications, 28 were used.

Results:
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), which are nicotine-based products, were introduced in 2006. Since then, their usage has rapidly increased, especially among the youth. In 2014, e-cigarettes became the most commonly used tobacco product among young adults, which remains so until now. The researchers found that the content and structure of e-cigarettes can cause oral health risks affecting the teeth, the periodontium, the microbiome, the tongue, and the gums. The e-liquid components increase the formation of biofilm and microbial adhesion, resulting in dental caries. Furthermore, the e-cig aerosols increase the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and destructive inflammatory cytokines, resulting in periodontitis and peri-implantitis. There have also been indications about the role of e-cigarettes in pre-malignant and malignant oral lesions, with the latter needing further investigation.

Conclusions:
E-cigarettes, which are widely used, especially by teenagers and young adults, pose an important threat to oral health. For this reason, they should not be used as a “safe” alternative to conventional cigarettes. Instead, health professionals and governments ought to intensify their efforts and campaign for smoking cessation of any kind of nicotine/tobacco-based product.