As Europe moves towards the ambitious goal of a nicotine-free generation, the rise of novel nicotine and tobacco products, such as e-cigarettes, heated tobacco products, and nicotine pouches, presents challenges for policymakers. This talk will explore the complexities of dual and poly-tobacco use (PTU), where individuals simultaneously consume multiple tobacco and nicotine products. Drawing insights from the recently published ERS statement on “harm reduction” and recent studies, this talk will address the following key issues: Efficacy and Risks of Novel Products: Examining whether these products serve as effective harm reduction tools or perpetuate nicotine addiction, especially through dual and PTU, which may carry additional health risks; Regulatory Challenges: Discussing the methodological and regulatory hurdles in defining and measuring PTU across different products, as well as the need for standardised approaches in research and policy; Youth and Addiction: Highlighting how the appeal of novel nicotine products is driving nicotine initiation among adolescents, increasing the risk of sustained addiction and traditional cigarette use later in life; Policy Implications for a Nicotine-Free Generation: Proposing tailored regulatory strategies that address the unique challenges of PTU, emphasising the need for stricter regulation of novel products, and considering their role in tobacco harm reduction versus complete cessation. This talk aims to provide evidence-based viewpoints for European policymakers on the evolving landscape of nicotine products to assist in shaping future policies that are effective in curbing nicotine use and protecting public health.