Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) are legally bound by its provisions and are already obliged to provide detailed reports every two years on FCTC implementation. However, to date, the practical and political consequences of failure to comply are small. What is needed now is an organised system to review and follow up on the reports – an effective compliance mechanism – as has been created for many other treaties at about this stage in their development. In 2016, the Framework Convention Alliance (FCA) will advocate for the establishment of an effective FCTC compliance mechanism at the seventh session of the FCTC Conference of the Parties (COP7). The Alliance will also engage in discussions on the most meaningful and supportive role of civil society as part of this mechanism.